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TV and radio host broadcaster

  • 1 TV and radio host broadcaster

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > TV and radio host broadcaster

  • 2 radio

    f.
    1 radio (medio).
    oír algo por la radio to hear something on the radio
    radio digital digital radio
    radio pirata pirate radio
    2 radio (transistor). (peninsular Spanish, Southern Cone)
    radio despertador clock radio
    f. & m.
    1 radio, radio set, wireless set.
    2 radius.
    3 radium, Ra.
    4 radio.
    5 radiogram.
    m.
    1 radius (anatomy & geometry).
    en un radio de within a radius of
    2 spoke.
    3 radium (chemistry).
    4 radio. ( Latin American Spanish salvo Southern Cone)
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: radiar.
    * * *
    2 (aparato) radio, wireless
    1 familiar (persona) radio operator
    \
    radio galera crystal set
    radio pirata pirate radio station
    ————————
    1 QUÍMICA radium
    ————————
    1 (de círculo) radius
    2 (de rueda) spoke
    3 (campo) scope
    \
    radio de acción figurado field of action, scope
    * * *
    1. noun f. 2. noun m.
    * * *
    I
    SM
    1) (Mat) radius

    de corto radio — short-range antes de s

    de largo radio — long-range antes de s

    radio de acción — [de autoridad] jurisdiction, extent of one's authority; (Aer) range

    2) [de rueda] spoke
    3) (Quím) radium
    4) (Anat) radius
    5) (=mensaje) wireless message
    6) LAm = radio II
    II

    por radio — by radio, on the radio, over the radio

    radio pirata — (=sistema) pirate radio; (=emisora) pirate radio station

    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) (Mat) radius
    b) (distancia, área) range, radius
    c) ( de rueda) spoke
    2) (AmL exc CS) (Rad) radio; ver tb radio II
    3) (Anat) radius
    4) (Quím) radium
    II
    b) (CS, Esp) ( aparato) radio

    apaga la radio — turn off o switch off the radio

    c) ( emisora) radio station
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) (Mat) radius
    b) (distancia, área) range, radius
    c) ( de rueda) spoke
    2) (AmL exc CS) (Rad) radio; ver tb radio II
    3) (Anat) radius
    4) (Quím) radium
    II
    b) (CS, Esp) ( aparato) radio

    apaga la radio — turn off o switch off the radio

    c) ( emisora) radio station
    * * *
    la radio
    = airwaves, the

    Ex: The idea of teletext is to supply, over the airwaves, such items of information as news flashes, the latest sport results, and commodity prices.

    radio1
    1 = radio, radio set.

    Ex: Some subjects have changes in usage over time, e.g. wireless, radio, transistor.

    Ex: A spider web of metal, sealed in a thin glass container, a wire heated to brilliant glow, in short, the thermionic tube of radio sets is made by the hundred million, tossed about in packages, plugged into sockets -- and it works!.
    * anuncio publicitario de la radio = sound bite, radio spot.
    * anuncio publicitario por radio = radio commercial, radio spot, sound bite, radio commercial.
    * aparato de radio = radio set.
    * avisar por radio = radio.
    * comentarista de radio y/o televisión = broadcast commentator.
    * compañía de radio televisión = broadcaster.
    * comunicar por radio = radio.
    * de la televisión o la radio = off the air.
    * difusión por radio y televisión = broadcast, broadcasting.
    * emisora de radio = radio station.
    * escuchar la radio = listen to + the radio.
    * estación de radio = radio station, broadcasting station.
    * estudio de radio = radio studio.
    * identificación por frecuencia de radio = radio frequency identification (RFID).
    * industria de la radio y televisión, la = broadcasting industry, the.
    * locutor de radio = radio show host, radio announcer.
    * noticias de radio y = broadcast news, broadcast news.
    * onda de radio = radio wave.
    * operador de radio = radio operator.
    * presentador de radio = radio show host, broadcaster.
    * programa de radio = radio broadcast, radio programme, radio show.
    * radio celular = cellular radio.
    * radio despertador = radio alarm.
    * radio, la = airwaves, the.
    * radio macuto = grapevine.
    * radio televisión = broadcasting.
    * señal de radio = radio signal.
    * sintonizador de radio = tuner.
    * transmitir por radio = radio.

    radio2
    2 = radius.

    Ex: The fact that the library can only attract people within a relatively small radius means that it has no alternative but to serve whoever lives -- or works -- in that radius.

    * amplio radio de acción = broad scope.
    * dentro del radio de acción = within range.
    * en un radio de + Distancia = within + Distancia.
    * en un radio + Distancia = within a + Distancia + radius.
    * radio de acción = radius of + Posesivo + action.
    * radio de acción amplio = broad scope.

    radio4
    4 = spoke.

    Ex: The rolling press consisted essentially of a frame in which two large rollers were mounted one above the other, and were turned by means of four large spokes radiating from the axle of the upper one.

    * * *
    A
    1 ( Mat) radius
    2 (distancia, área) range, radius
    se oyó la explosión en un radio de diez kilómetros the explosion could be heard over a range of ten kilometers o within a ten kilometer radius
    Compuesto:
    (de un avión, barco) operational range; (de una organización) area of operations
    el radio de acción de la guerrilla the guerillas' area of operations
    B ( AmL exc CS) ( Rad) radio
    escuchar el radio to listen to the radio
    nos enteramos por el radio we heard about it on the radio
    lo han dicho por el radio they said it on the radio
    Compuestos:
    ● radio a or de transistores
    transistor radio
    radio cab o taxi
    C ( Anat) radius
    D ( Quím) radium
    la radio española (↑ radio a1)
    el partido fue transmitido por (la) radio the match was broadcast on the radio
    se pusieron en contacto por radio they established radio contact
    programas de radio radio programs
    escuchar la radio to listen to the radio
    nos enteramos por la radio we heard about it on the radio
    trabaja en la radio he works in radio
    lo escuché en radio macuto ( Esp fam); I heard it through the grapevine o on the bush telegraph
    2 (CS, Esp) (aparato) radio
    apaga la radio turn off o switch off the radio
    3 (emisora) radio station
    Compuestos:
    ● radio a or de transitores
    transistor radio
    pirate radio station
    * * *

     

    Del verbo radiar: ( conjugate radiar)

    radio es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    radió es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    radiar    
    radio
    radio sustantivo masculino
    a) (Mat) radius




    ◊ radio de acción (de avión, barco) operational range;


    ( de organización) area of operations
    ■ sustantivo femenino or (AmL exc CS) sustantivo masculino


    escuchar la radio to listen to the radio


    radiar verbo transitivo
    1 (una emisora) to broadcast
    2 Fís to radiate, irradiate
    3 Med to treat with X-rays
    radio
    I sustantivo femenino
    1 (transmisión) radio
    por radio, on the radio
    2 (aparato receptor) radio (set)
    II sustantivo masculino
    1 Geom radius
    2 Quím radium
    3 Anat radius
    4 (de rueda) spoke
    5 (en el espacio) radius, area
    radio de acción, field of action, scope
    (de un barco, avión) operational range
    ' radio' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    apagar
    - aparato
    - diaria
    - diario
    - emisora
    - expandir
    - información
    - programa
    - programar
    - programación
    - radioaficionada
    - radioaficionado
    - radiocasete
    - reportaje
    - subir
    - alto
    - antena
    - audífono
    - cabina
    - cadena
    - comedia
    - componer
    - consultorio
    - cronista
    - dar
    - difundir
    - encender
    - enchufar
    - enterarse
    - estación
    - fuerte
    - jodido
    - oír
    - por
    - prender
    - prensa
    - radiocassette
    - radiodifusora
    - radiofónico
    - radionovela
    - radiooperador
    - radiopatrulla
    - receptor
    - saber
    - sintonía
    - teledirigido
    English:
    battery
    - dial
    - guarantee
    - lower
    - over
    - phone-in
    - pick up
    - put on
    - radio
    - radio beacon
    - radio broadcast
    - radio frequency
    - radio ham
    - radio network
    - radio set
    - radio station
    - radio transmitter
    - radio wave
    - radius
    - roundup
    - spoke
    - station
    - surround sound
    - switch off
    - talk-show
    - turn down
    - two-way
    - wireless
    - wireless set
    - wireless station
    - blare
    - broadcaster
    - editor
    - go
    - grape
    - have
    - installment
    - knob
    - low
    - monitor
    - on
    - pack
    - part
    - pirate
    - put
    - send
    - show
    - transistor
    - turn
    - two
    * * *
    radio1 nm
    1. [de circunferencia] radius;
    en un radio de within a radius of
    radio de acción range;
    el bombardero tiene un radio de acción de 2.000 kilómetros the bomber has a range of 2,000 kilometres;
    el general queda fuera del radio de acción del juez the general is beyond the judge's jurisdiction;
    la empresa quiere ampliar su radio de acción the company wants to expand the area in which it trades
    2. [de rueda] spoke
    3. Quím radium
    4. Anat radius
    5. Am salvo RP [transistor] radio
    radio despertador clock radio;
    radio digital digital radio
    radio2 nf
    1. [medio] radio;
    oír algo por la radio to hear sth on the radio
    CRica, Cuba, Pan Fam radio bemba:
    enterarse de algo por radio bemba to hear sth on the grapevine o on the bush telegraph;
    Esp Fam radio macuto:
    enterarse de algo por radio macuto to hear sth on the grapevine o on the bush telegraph;
    radio pirata pirate radio
    2. Esp, CSur [transistor] radio
    radio despertador clock radio;
    radio digital digital radio
    * * *
    I m
    1 MAT radius;
    en un radio de within a radius of
    2 QUÍM radium
    3 L.Am.
    radio
    II f radio
    * * *
    radio nm
    1) : radius
    2) : radium
    radio nmf
    : radio
    * * *
    1. (aparato, sistema) radio
    2. (línea recta) radius [pl. radii]

    Spanish-English dictionary > radio

  • 3 presentador de radio

    (n.) = radio show host, broadcaster
    Ex. Performing artist and radio show host Ian Whitcomb expresses his misgivings over donating his popular music collection to libraries.
    Ex. The journalist and broadcaster, Bernard Levin is well known for his eulogies of good indexes and indexers.
    * * *
    (n.) = radio show host, broadcaster

    Ex: Performing artist and radio show host Ian Whitcomb expresses his misgivings over donating his popular music collection to libraries.

    Ex: The journalist and broadcaster, Bernard Levin is well known for his eulogies of good indexes and indexers.

    Spanish-English dictionary > presentador de radio

  • 4 вещательная компания-устроитель

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > вещательная компания-устроитель

  • 5 теле- и радиовещательная компания-устроитель

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > теле- и радиовещательная компания-устроитель

  • 6 хост-вещатель

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > хост-вещатель

  • 7 presentador

    adj.
    presenting.
    m.
    1 master of ceremonies, anchorman, front man, host.
    2 presenter, master of ceremonies in charge a presenting awards.
    3 presenter, petitioner, applier, applicant.
    4 presenter, speaker.
    * * *
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 presenter
    * * *
    (f. - presentadora)
    noun
    * * *
    presentador, -a
    SM / F
    1) [de acto] host/hostess, presenter
    2) (TV, Radio) [de debate, documental, informativo] presenter; [de programa de variedades, concurso] host/hostess, presenter
    * * *
    - dora masculino, femenino presenter
    * * *
    = show host, presenter, introducer.
    Ex. He conducted the morning sessions as if he were a roving talk show host.
    Ex. The problem of inadequate citation of conference papers can usually be traced back to authors of papers or books who cite conference papers they have heard or read by somewhat laconic statements of the name of the author/ presenter of the paper.
    Ex. Like a good introducer, the author leads students to the text, presents the difficulties and alternatives, and then retreats to allow them to make up their own mind.
    ----
    * presentador de radio = radio show host, broadcaster.
    * presentador de televisión = talking head, broadcaster.
    * * *
    - dora masculino, femenino presenter
    * * *
    = show host, presenter, introducer.

    Ex: He conducted the morning sessions as if he were a roving talk show host.

    Ex: The problem of inadequate citation of conference papers can usually be traced back to authors of papers or books who cite conference papers they have heard or read by somewhat laconic statements of the name of the author/ presenter of the paper.
    Ex: Like a good introducer, the author leads students to the text, presents the difficulties and alternatives, and then retreats to allow them to make up their own mind.
    * presentador de radio = radio show host, broadcaster.
    * presentador de televisión = talking head, broadcaster.

    * * *
    masculine, feminine
    presenter
    Compuesto:
    presentador/presentadora de programa de videos or ( Esp) vídeos musicales
    video jockey, veejay ( AmE colloq)
    * * *

    presentador
    ◊ - dora sustantivo masculino, femenino

    presenter
    presentador,-ora sustantivo masculino y femenino
    1 presenter
    2 (de un concurso, etc) (hombre) host, (mujer) hostess
    3 (de un informativo) newsreader

    ' presentador' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    escalada
    - presentadora
    English:
    anchor
    - host
    - newsreader
    - presenter
    - broadcaster
    - news
    * * *
    presentador, -ora nm,f
    presenter
    * * *
    m, presentadora f TV presenter
    * * *
    : newscaster, anchorman m, anchorwoman f
    * * *
    presentador n presenter

    Spanish-English dictionary > presentador

  • 8 radio1

    1 = radio, radio set.
    Ex. Some subjects have changes in usage over time, e.g. wireless, radio, transistor.
    Ex. A spider web of metal, sealed in a thin glass container, a wire heated to brilliant glow, in short, the thermionic tube of radio sets is made by the hundred million, tossed about in packages, plugged into sockets -- and it works!.
    ----
    * anuncio publicitario de la radio = sound bite, radio spot.
    * anuncio publicitario por radio = radio commercial, radio spot, sound bite, radio commercial.
    * aparato de radio = radio set.
    * avisar por radio = radio.
    * comentarista de radio y/o televisión = broadcast commentator.
    * compañía de radio televisión = broadcaster.
    * comunicar por radio = radio.
    * de la televisión o la radio = off the air.
    * difusión por radio y televisión = broadcast, broadcasting.
    * emisora de radio = radio station.
    * escuchar la radio = listen to + the radio.
    * estación de radio = radio station, broadcasting station.
    * estudio de radio = radio studio.
    * identificación por frecuencia de radio = radio frequency identification (RFID).
    * industria de la radio y televisión, la = broadcasting industry, the.
    * locutor de radio = radio show host, radio announcer.
    * noticias de radio y = broadcast news, broadcast news.
    * onda de radio = radio wave.
    * operador de radio = radio operator.
    * presentador de radio = radio show host, broadcaster.
    * programa de radio = radio broadcast, radio programme, radio show.
    * radio celular = cellular radio.
    * radio despertador = radio alarm.
    * radio, la = airwaves, the.
    * radio macuto = grapevine.
    * radio televisión = broadcasting.
    * señal de radio = radio signal.
    * sintonizador de radio = tuner.
    * transmitir por radio = radio.

    Spanish-English dictionary > radio1

  • 9 Олимпийская вещательная служба (ОВС)

    1. Olympic broadcasting services (OBS)

     

    Олимпийская вещательная служба (ОВС)
    Швейцарская компания, созданная МОК специально для выполнения функций вещательной компании страны-организатора/OBO на Играх. Данная служба, в частности, отвечает за следующее:
    • производство и передачу международных теле- и радио репортажей с Игр в соответствии с поручением МОК;
    • за международный вещательный центр, являющийся штабом деятельности в области радио и телевидения в период проведения Игр;
    • координацию и предоставление вещательного оборудования и услуг как в местах проведения Игр, так и в МВЦ для правообладателей, в том числе в области телекоммуникаций и обслуживания вещательного оборудования;
    • представление правообладателей в ОКОИ по вопросам, связанным с их потребностями в услугах;
    • при необходимости данная служба будет действовать в качестве производителя материалов и Олимпийской архивной службы для правообладателей.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    EN

    Olympic broadcasting services (OBS)
    Swiss company created by the IOC, specifically to fulfill the host broadcaster/OBO function for the Games. Specifically, these services are responsible for the following:
    • Produce and distribute the international television and radio coverage of the Games, as mandated by the IOC.
    • International Broadcast Center, which is the headquarters for the radio and television operation during the Games.
    • Coordinate and provide broadcast facilities and services at both the venues and the IBC for the rights holders for such items as broadcast equipment and telecommunications.
    • Represent the needs of the rights holders within the OCOG in regards to services.
    • As required, act as producer of features and maintain an Olympic archival service for the rights holders.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    Тематики

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Олимпийская вещательная служба (ОВС)

  • 10 Olympic broadcasting services (OBS)

    1. Олимпийская вещательная служба (ОВС)

     

    Олимпийская вещательная служба (ОВС)
    Швейцарская компания, созданная МОК специально для выполнения функций вещательной компании страны-организатора/OBO на Играх. Данная служба, в частности, отвечает за следующее:
    • производство и передачу международных теле- и радио репортажей с Игр в соответствии с поручением МОК;
    • за международный вещательный центр, являющийся штабом деятельности в области радио и телевидения в период проведения Игр;
    • координацию и предоставление вещательного оборудования и услуг как в местах проведения Игр, так и в МВЦ для правообладателей, в том числе в области телекоммуникаций и обслуживания вещательного оборудования;
    • представление правообладателей в ОКОИ по вопросам, связанным с их потребностями в услугах;
    • при необходимости данная служба будет действовать в качестве производителя материалов и Олимпийской архивной службы для правообладателей.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    EN

    Olympic broadcasting services (OBS)
    Swiss company created by the IOC, specifically to fulfill the host broadcaster/OBO function for the Games. Specifically, these services are responsible for the following:
    • Produce and distribute the international television and radio coverage of the Games, as mandated by the IOC.
    • International Broadcast Center, which is the headquarters for the radio and television operation during the Games.
    • Coordinate and provide broadcast facilities and services at both the venues and the IBC for the rights holders for such items as broadcast equipment and telecommunications.
    • Represent the needs of the rights holders within the OCOG in regards to services.
    • As required, act as producer of features and maintain an Olympic archival service for the rights holders.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    Тематики

    EN

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Olympic broadcasting services (OBS)

  • 11 World War II

    (1939-1945)
       In the European phase of the war, neutral Portugal contributed more to the Allied victory than historians have acknowledged. Portugal experienced severe pressures to compromise her neutrality from both the Axis and Allied powers and, on several occasions, there were efforts to force Portugal to enter the war as a belligerent. Several factors lent Portugal importance as a neutral. This was especially the case during the period from the fall of France in June 1940 to the Allied invasion and reconquest of France from June to August 1944.
       In four respects, Portugal became briefly a modest strategic asset for the Allies and a war materiel supplier for both sides: the country's location in the southwesternmost corner of the largely German-occupied European continent; being a transport and communication terminus, observation post for spies, and crossroads between Europe, the Atlantic, the Americas, and Africa; Portugal's strategically located Atlantic islands, the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde archipelagos; and having important mines of wolfram or tungsten ore, crucial for the war industry for hardening steel.
       To maintain strict neutrality, the Estado Novo regime dominated by Antônio de Oliveira Salazar performed a delicate balancing act. Lisbon attempted to please and cater to the interests of both sets of belligerents, but only to the extent that the concessions granted would not threaten Portugal's security or its status as a neutral. On at least two occasions, Portugal's neutrality status was threatened. First, Germany briefly considered invading Portugal and Spain during 1940-41. A second occasion came in 1943 and 1944 as Great Britain, backed by the United States, pressured Portugal to grant war-related concessions that threatened Portugal's status of strict neutrality and would possibly bring Portugal into the war on the Allied side. Nazi Germany's plan ("Operation Felix") to invade the Iberian Peninsula from late 1940 into 1941 was never executed, but the Allies occupied and used several air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands.
       The second major crisis for Portugal's neutrality came with increasing Allied pressures for concessions from the summer of 1943 to the summer of 1944. Led by Britain, Portugal's oldest ally, Portugal was pressured to grant access to air and naval bases in the Azores Islands. Such bases were necessary to assist the Allies in winning the Battle of the Atlantic, the naval war in which German U-boats continued to destroy Allied shipping. In October 1943, following tedious negotiations, British forces began to operate such bases and, in November 1944, American forces were allowed to enter the islands. Germany protested and made threats, but there was no German attack.
       Tensions rose again in the spring of 1944, when the Allies demanded that Lisbon cease exporting wolfram to Germany. Salazar grew agitated, considered resigning, and argued that Portugal had made a solemn promise to Germany that wolfram exports would be continued and that Portugal could not break its pledge. The Portuguese ambassador in London concluded that the shipping of wolfram to Germany was "the price of neutrality." Fearing that a still-dangerous Germany could still attack Portugal, Salazar ordered the banning of the mining, sale, and exports of wolfram not only to Germany but to the Allies as of 6 June 1944.
       Portugal did not enter the war as a belligerent, and its forces did not engage in combat, but some Portuguese experienced directly or indirectly the impact of fighting. Off Portugal or near her Atlantic islands, Portuguese naval personnel or commercial fishermen rescued at sea hundreds of victims of U-boat sinkings of Allied shipping in the Atlantic. German U-boats sank four or five Portuguese merchant vessels as well and, in 1944, a U-boat stopped, boarded, searched, and forced the evacuation of a Portuguese ocean liner, the Serpa Pinto, in mid-Atlantic. Filled with refugees, the liner was not sunk but several passengers lost their lives and the U-boat kidnapped two of the ship's passengers, Portuguese Americans of military age, and interned them in a prison camp. As for involvement in a theater of war, hundreds of inhabitants were killed and wounded in remote East Timor, a Portuguese colony near Indonesia, which was invaded, annexed, and ruled by Japanese forces between February 1942 and August 1945. In other incidents, scores of Allied military planes, out of fuel or damaged in air combat, crashed or were forced to land in neutral Portugal. Air personnel who did not survive such crashes were buried in Portuguese cemeteries or in the English Cemetery, Lisbon.
       Portugal's peripheral involvement in largely nonbelligerent aspects of the war accelerated social, economic, and political change in Portugal's urban society. It strengthened political opposition to the dictatorship among intellectual and working classes, and it obliged the regime to bolster political repression. The general economic and financial status of Portugal, too, underwent improvements since creditor Britain, in order to purchase wolfram, foods, and other materials needed during the war, became indebted to Portugal. When Britain repaid this debt after the war, Portugal was able to restore and expand its merchant fleet. Unlike most of Europe, ravaged by the worst war in human history, Portugal did not suffer heavy losses of human life, infrastructure, and property. Unlike even her neighbor Spain, badly shaken by its terrible Civil War (1936-39), Portugal's immediate postwar condition was more favorable, especially in urban areas, although deep-seated poverty remained.
       Portugal experienced other effects, especially during 1939-42, as there was an influx of about a million war refugees, an infestation of foreign spies and other secret agents from 60 secret intelligence services, and the residence of scores of international journalists who came to report the war from Lisbon. There was also the growth of war-related mining (especially wolfram and tin). Portugal's media eagerly reported the war and, by and large, despite government censorship, the Portuguese print media favored the Allied cause. Portugal's standard of living underwent some improvement, although price increases were unpopular.
       The silent invasion of several thousand foreign spies, in addition to the hiring of many Portuguese as informants and spies, had fascinating outcomes. "Spyland" Portugal, especially when Portugal was a key point for communicating with occupied Europe (1940-44), witnessed some unusual events, and spying for foreigners at least briefly became a national industry. Until mid-1944, when Allied forces invaded France, Portugal was the only secure entry point from across the Atlantic to Europe or to the British Isles, as well as the escape hatch for refugees, spies, defectors, and others fleeing occupied Europe or Vichy-controlled Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. Through Portugal by car, ship, train, or scheduled civil airliner one could travel to and from Spain or to Britain, or one could leave through Portugal, the westernmost continental country of Europe, to seek refuge across the Atlantic in the Americas.
       The wartime Portuguese scene was a colorful melange of illegal activities, including espionage, the black market, war propaganda, gambling, speculation, currency counterfeiting, diamond and wolfram smuggling, prostitution, and the drug and arms trade, and they were conducted by an unusual cast of characters. These included refugees, some of whom were spies, smugglers, diplomats, and business people, many from foreign countries seeking things they could find only in Portugal: information, affordable food, shelter, and security. German agents who contacted Allied sailors in the port of Lisbon sought to corrupt and neutralize these men and, if possible, recruit them as spies, and British intelligence countered this effort. Britain's MI-6 established a new kind of "safe house" to protect such Allied crews from German espionage and venereal disease infection, an approved and controlled house of prostitution in Lisbon's bairro alto district.
       Foreign observers and writers were impressed with the exotic, spy-ridden scene in Lisbon, as well as in Estoril on the Sun Coast (Costa do Sol), west of Lisbon harbor. What they observed appeared in noted autobiographical works and novels, some written during and some after the war. Among notable writers and journalists who visited or resided in wartime Portugal were Hungarian writer and former communist Arthur Koestler, on the run from the Nazi's Gestapo; American radio broadcaster-journalist Eric Sevareid; novelist and Hollywood script-writer Frederick Prokosch; American diplomat George Kennan; Rumanian cultural attache and later scholar of mythology Mircea Eliade; and British naval intelligence officer and novelist-to-be Ian Fleming. Other notable visiting British intelligence officers included novelist Graham Greene; secret Soviet agent in MI-6 and future defector to the Soviet Union Harold "Kim" Philby; and writer Malcolm Muggeridge. French letters were represented by French writer and airman, Antoine Saint-Exupery and French playwright, Jean Giroudoux. Finally, Aquilino Ribeiro, one of Portugal's premier contemporary novelists, wrote about wartime Portugal, including one sensational novel, Volframio, which portrayed the profound impact of the exploitation of the mineral wolfram on Portugal's poor, still backward society.
       In Estoril, Portugal, the idea for the world's most celebrated fictitious spy, James Bond, was probably first conceived by Ian Fleming. Fleming visited Portugal several times after 1939 on Naval Intelligence missions, and later he dreamed up the James Bond character and stories. Background for the early novels in the James Bond series was based in part on people and places Fleming observed in Portugal. A key location in Fleming's first James Bond novel, Casino Royale (1953) is the gambling Casino of Estoril. In addition, one aspect of the main plot, the notion that a spy could invent "secret" intelligence for personal profit, was observed as well by the British novelist and former MI-6 officer, while engaged in operations in wartime Portugal. Greene later used this information in his 1958 spy novel, Our Man in Havana, as he observed enemy agents who fabricated "secrets" for money.
       Thus, Portugal's World War II experiences introduced the country and her people to a host of new peoples, ideas, products, and influences that altered attitudes and quickened the pace of change in this quiet, largely tradition-bound, isolated country. The 1943-45 connections established during the Allied use of air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands were a prelude to Portugal's postwar membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > World War II

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